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Present Position:
Associate Professor in Physics

\bigskip


Studies

{}- I graduated in Physics at the University of Pisa on 2 March 1989
with 110/110 votation

{}- PhD program in Physics at the University of Bologna: 3/1990-3/1993

{}- PhD title: \ 23/9/1993

{}- Post-Doc at INFN-Trieste: \ 3/1993-3/1994

\bigskip

FERRARA UNIVERSITY:

29/12/2008 - present: Associate Professor in Physics at the University
of Ferrara 

28/2/2008: \ Qualified as Associate Professor in Physics (FIS/07)

15/8/2002 - 15/8/2003: On leave at the University of California at
Davis, Davis, California, USA

1/9/1994 -- 29/12/2008: \ \ University researcher

\bigskip

OTHER PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS

4/2007 - present: Member of the Scientific and Technical Advisory
Committee (STAC) for the VIRGO project

7/98 - 7/2002: Ferrara coordinator for the II National Scientific
committee for INFN

7/2004 - present: Ferrara coordinator for the II National Scientific
committee for INFN

\bigskip

FOREIGN LANGUAGES

English and Italian: \ Mother tongue

French: Excellent


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\bigskip

Principle research activities

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS

THE PVLAS EXPERIMENT (Trieste 1993 - 1994; Ferrara 1994 - present)

Funding: INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) grant and MIUR
(Ministero dell{\textquoteright}Istruzione, Università e della Ricerca)
grant.

I am the spokesperson and PI for both the INFN and MIUR grants.

The PVLAS experiment, financed by INFN, aims at the first measurement of
the magnetic birefringence of vacuum induced by an intense magnetic
field.

This effect, predicted by QED, is connected to photon-photon scattering
by means of the {\textquotedbl}vacuum polarization{\textquotedbl}

Furthermore the PVLAS experiment will put new laboratory limits on the
mass and coupling constant of hypothetical neutral particles which
couple to two photons. The hypothetical particles could contribute to
dark matter solution.

The experiment is in a phase of being upgraded in sensitivity after a
long period of data taking and analysis.

The best limits on the vacuum magnetic birefringence and consequently on
the low energy photon-photon cross sections have been set by this
experiment. Furthermore the experiment has produced new precise
measurements of the Cotton-Mouton constant for various gases.

\underline{Experience}:

{}- Design, production and optimization of the phase locking system for
a Nd:YAG laser to a very high finesse cavity

{}- Modification of the Pound-Drever-Hall phase locking scheme to a
cavity.

{}- Optimization of a very sensitive ellipsometer based on a Fabry-Perot
cavity. 


{}- Design and implementation of an ellipsometer with a 6.4 m long
cavity with finesse F =$ 10^5$ at the National Laboratories of INFN.

{}- Measurement of the intrinsic birefringence of interferential
mirrors. 

{}- Sensitivity measurements with the ellipsometer.

{}- Use of superconducting magnet.

{}- Data analysis.

{}- Study of the consequences of the intrinsic birefringence of cavity
mirrors within a sensitive ellipsometer.

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GAL Experiment (Pisa 1988-1989, Thesis work)

Experiment on the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass.

The aim of the experiment was to measure the relative difference in
free-fall gravity for different materials to a level of $\Delta$g/g
{\textless} $10^{-10}$

{}- Development at Pisa of a collimator capable of measuring parallelism
between beams to a level 1e-6 rad.

{}- Development at CERN of an interferometer with parallel, vertical
arms, each 7 m long.

{}- Precesion optics and mechanics.

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\bigskip

My experience with Fabry-Perot interferometers and highly sensitive optical systems qualifies me for the development of the differential laser gauge necessary for measuring the relative movement of the two test masses in the proposal. Furthermore Ferrara will have the collaboration of Mike Shao who has already developed and tested a similar laser gauge system with the desired performances.\\



OTHER FIELDS OF INTEREST

MEDICAL PHYSICS (Ferrara, 1994 - present)

PET (Positron emission tomography) and SPECT (Single Photon Emission
Tomography) allow functional imaging of organs
\textit{in-vivo}.

At the Department of Physics of the University of Ferrara collaborators
and I developed an integrated high resolution PET-SPECT small animal
tomograph for small animal imaging. The system is based on YAP:Ce
(Ytirum Aluminum Perovskite doped with Cerium) scintillator matrices
coupled to position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. The capability of
imaging both in PET and SPECT remains unique.

At present the integration of a CT scanner is underway on the same
scanner so as to provide both functional and morphological images
simultaneously. The prototype has already been tested on a benchtop
system with promising results.

We are also in the process of designing a new PET scanner for small
animals based on multilayers of silicon double sided detectors.
Simulations have shown the enormous capabilities of such a scanner both
in spatial resolution as in sensitivity. Such a scanner would be
limited only by the positron range of the radionuclides eliminating all
other sources of error.

\bigskip

Optical fluorescence tomography

At the University of California at Davis, we began a new in-vivo imaging
technique for small animals based on the fluorescent light emitted by
fluorophores which can be bound to biological molecules.

In fact light with wavelength longer than 600 nm is principally diffused
by biological tissues and not absorbed. This technique has the
advantage of using fluorophores which do not decay in time, as do
radionuclides used in PET and SPECT. Processes can therefore be
monitored for longer periods of time.

\bigskip

Reviewed papers:

Co-Author of 82 papers\\

\newpage
\textbf{1) M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, F. Della Valle, G. Ruoso,
}\underline{\textbf{G. Zavattini}}\textbf{ }Frequency locking to a high-finesse
Fabry-Perot cavity of a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser used as the
optical phase modulator \ \textit{Review of Scientific Instruments}
\textbf{73} no. 12 (2002) pp. 4142-4144. \textbf{Citations:~4}


\textbf{2) M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, S. Carusotto, R. Cimino, F. Della
Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, M. Karuza, E. Milotti, E. Polacco,
G. Ruoso, E. Zavattini, }\underline{\textbf{G. Zavattini}} Measurement of the Cotton-Mouton effect in krypton and xenon at 1064 nm with the PVLAS apparatus. \textit{Chemical Physics Letters},
\textbf{392} (2004) pp. 276-280. \textbf{Citations:~12}


\textbf{3) M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, S. Carusotto, R. Cimino, F. Della
Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, M. Karuza, E. Milotti, E. Polacco,
G. Ruoso, E. Zavattini, }\underline{\textbf{G. Zavattini}} A precise measurement of
the Cotton Mouton effect in Neon. \textit{Chemical Physics Letters},
\textbf{410} (2005) pp. 288-292. \textbf{Citations:~11}


\textbf{4) \underline{G. Zavattini}, G. Ruoso, E. Milotti, M. Karuza, G. Di
Domenico, F. Della Valle, R. Cimino, G. Cantatore, }On Measuring
Birefringences and Dichroisms using Fabry-Perot Cavities.
\textit{Applied Physics B,} \ \textbf{83} (2006) pp. 571-577. \textbf{Citations:~5}


\textbf{5) \underline{G. Zavattini}, M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, S. Carusotto, R. Cimino, F. Della
Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, M. Karuza, E. Milotti, E. Polacco,
G. Raiteri, G. Ruoso, E. Zavattini, } PVLAS. \textit{In: Venice 2007, Neutrino Telescopes. Venezia, 06/03/2007 - 09/03/2007, Padova: Papergraph, p. 373-395.}


\textbf{6) E. Zavattini, \underline{G. Zavattini}, G. Ruoso, et al., }New PVLAS
results and limits on magnetically induced optical rotation and
ellipticity in vacuum. \textit{Physical Review D, }\textbf{77 }(2008) p
032006. \textbf{Citations:~59}


\textbf{7) M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, S. Carusotto, R. Cimino, F. Della
Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, M. Karuza, V. Lozza, E. Milotti, E.
Polacco, G. Raiteri, G. Ruoso, E. Zavattini and \underline{G. Zavattini} }Limits on
low energy photon-photon scattering from an experiment on magnetic
vacuum birefringence. \textit{Phys Rev. D, }\textbf{78} (2008) p
032006. \textbf{Citations:~10}

{\selectlanguage{english}
\textbf{8) M. Bregant, G. Cantatore, S. Carusotto, R. Cimino, F. Della
Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, M. Karuza, V. Lozza, E. Milotti, E.
Polacco, G. Raiteri, G. Ruoso, E. Zavattini and \underline{G. Zavattini}, }New
precise measurement of the Cotton-Mouton effect in helium,
\textit{Chem. Phys. Lett, }\textbf{471} (2009) pp 322-325}. \textbf{Citations:~4}


\textbf{9) \underline{G. Zavattini} and E. Calloni, }Probing for new physics and
detecting non-linear vacuum QED effects using gravitational
interferometer antennas, \textit{Europ. Physic. Journal C} \textbf{62}
(2009) pp 459-466.  \textbf{Citations:~4}


\textbf{10) F. Della Valle, G. Di Domenico, U. Gastaldi, E. Milotti, R.
Pengo, G. Ruoso and \underline{G. Zavattini}, }Towards a direct measurement of
vacuum magnetic birefringence: PVLAS achievements. \textit{Optics
Communications} \textbf{283 }(2010) pp 4194-4198.  \textbf{Citations:~1}
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